Ukwaguka kw’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima B50 muri Indoneziya: Kubera iki ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe vy’ibipande vy’imirongo biriko biraba ibikoresho bihambaye mu bigo bitunganya amavuta y’imisukoni n’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima
Amakuru aherutse gusohoka yerekana ko mu gihe politike ya Indoneziya y’ivy’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima B50 itera imbere, Leta itegura kugabanya buhoro buhoro, amaherezo igahagarika amavuta y’ibinyabuzima yinjizwa hanze.
Ku bantu benshi, ivyo bishobora kuba ari ikindi kiganiro gusa c’inkuru z’ubuhinga bw’inguvu. Ariko rero, ku bakora mu bijanye n’amavuta y’imisukoni, amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, n’ibikoresho vy’inganda, ivyo birerekana amahirwe mashasha n’ingorane mu bijanye n’ugutanga amavuta yose.
Kubera ko Indoneziya ari yo ikora cane amavuta y’imisukoni kw’isi, iriko iratera imbere n’umwete politike ya B50. Muri iyo ngingo, litiro 100 zose za dizeli zizoba zirimwo litiro 50 za dizeli zishingiye ku mavuta y’imisukoni-. Kugira ngo amavuta y’imisukoni ashobore gushirwa mu ngiro, amavuta y’imisukoni azoba ariko aragwira, azorushiriza guhindurwamwo amavuta y’ibinure (FAME), biodiesel, glycérine, n’ibindi biva mu mazi.
Inyuma y’ukwaguka kw’ubushobozi kwose, akenshi hariho ivy’ugusubiramwo ibikoresho bihuye n’ivyo.
Mu myaka mikeyi iheze, twarakoranye n’amashirahamwe menshi akora amavuta y’imisukoni, amashirahamwe akora amavuta y’ibinyabuzima be n’amashirahamwe akora amavuta y’ibinyabuzima. Abakiriya benshi barahura n’ingorane nk’izo: ibikoresho biragenda neza mu gihe c’intango, ariko uko igihe kigenda kirarenga, ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe buragabanuka buhorobuhoro; incuro zo gusukura ziragwira; ibiciro vyo kwitaho biguma vyiyongera.
Akenshi umuzi w’ico kibazo uri mu mico y’uwo muvugizi ubwiwe.
Amavuta y’imisukoni n’ibiva muri yo akenshi arafise uburemere bwinshi kandi arashobora gutera ibintu bikomeye. Yaba ari ugutunganya FAME, biodiesel canke glycérine, ubuhumane burakunda kwifatanya n’ibibanza birungikira ubushuhe.
Igipande c’ibintu bisa n’ibitagira akamaro gishobora kugabanya cane ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushuhe, kigatuma umuntu akoresha inguvu nyinshi, mbere kigatuma umurongo wose wo guhingura ibintu udakora neza.
Uretse guhumanya, aside zitagira ibinure (FFA) ziri mu mavuta y’imisukoni ziratera ikindi kibazo gikomeye ku bimera vyinshi.
Mu bihe vy'ubushuhe bwinshi-, FFA iguma ibora ibikoresho. Ivyuma vyinshi bihindura ubushuhe bikozwe mu cuma gisanzwe 304 biragira ibinogo, bikava, canke mbere bikabura vuba inyuma y’imyaka mikeyi gusa bikoreshwa.
Ku bw’ivyo, ku bikorwa vy’amavuta y’imisukoni n’ivy’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, ibisabwa ku bikoresho vyo guhindura ubushuhe birarenga kure cane ugutanga ubushuhe gusa.
Ubu, amashirahamwe ariko yibanda ku ngingo nyamukuru zikurikira:
- Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya-ubuhumane
- Uguhangana n'ubumara
- Igihe kirekire-igikorwa gihoraho
- Ibiciro vyo kwitaho bigabanutse
Mu myaka iheze, amashirahamwe menshi y’amavuta y’imisukoni yaratanguye gusubira-isuzuma ry’ingingo ngenderwako zo guhitamwo ibikoresho vyo guhindura ubushuhe.
Ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bihindura ubushuhe, ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe vy’amasahani y’uruzitiro biratanga inyungu zigaragara iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho vy’uburemere bwinshi, bishobora guhumanya. Ubuhinga bwabo bw’umurongo umwe-n’ugutemba kw’amazi gukomeza gutera umuvurungano bigabanya neza uturere tw’ugutemba kw’amazi hapfuye kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhingura ibisigazwa. Ikindi kandi, mu gukoresha ivyuma bitagira ibara 316L n’ibikoresho vy’agaciro kanini-bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka, bifatanijwe n’uburyo bwo gupfuka no gusudira bukomeye, birahuye neza n’ibintu bikomeye kandi bisaba cane vyo gutunganya amavuta y’imisukoni no gukora amavuta y’ibinyabuzima.
Uvuye mu bijanye n’iterambere ry’inganda, politike ya Indoneziya ya B50 ntiriko iratuma gusa habaho ukwagura ubushobozi bwo gukora amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, ariko kandi n’ugutera imbere mu ruhererekane rwose rw’agaciro kugira ngo haboneke ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza, gukoresha inguvu nke, no kugabanya amafaranga yo gukoresha.
Mu myaka iri imbere, Aziya y’amajepfo y’ubuseruko itegerezwa kubona urugendo rushasha rwo guhindura ibikoresho no guhindura ubuhinga.
Naho ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe ari vyo bikoresho bizimvye cane ku murongo w’ibikorwa, biragira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gukoresha inguvu, ku bushobozi bwo gukora, no ku giciro c’ibikorwa vy’igihe kirekire-. Ku mahinguriro y’amavuta y’imisukoni n’amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, gutuma ubushuhe bugenda neza, kugabanya incuro umuntu asukura, no kwagura ubuzima bw’ibikoresho bizoba ari intumbero zihambaye cane.
Nk’umuhinguzi yihariye mu guhindura ubushuhe bw’amavuta y’imisukoni, amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, n’ugusubiza ubushuhe buva mu myanda, UKADA irakurikiranira hafi ihinduka ry’isoko kandi iguma itunganya neza inyishu zayo ku bijanye n’ubushuhe bwinshi, ubuhumane-bushobora gusenyuka, n’ubumara bushobora gusenyuka.
Kugira ngo UKADA ishigikire iterambere ryihuse ry’ubuhinga bwo gukora amavuta y’ibinyabuzima muri Aziya y’amajepfo, iriko irakomeza cane ubufatanye n’amasoko yo mu karere. Turategereje gushinga ubufatanye bw’igihe kirekire n’abakozi ba EPC, abakora ibikoresho, abakozi bo gusanasana, n’abatanga ubushuhe mu karere kugira ngo dufatanije gutegura inyishu nziza zo guhindura ubushuhe zihuye n’imibereho y’ibikorwa vyo mu karere n’ibisabwa mu mugambi, bituma habaho agaciro kanini mu gutunganya amavuta y’imisukoni, mu guhingura amavuta y’ibinyabuzima, no mu guhingura amavuta y’ibinyabuzima.
Ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bw’amavuta y’imisukoni, igice gikurikira c’amarushanwa gishobora kutaba kigishingiye ku bushobozi bwo gukora gusa, ariko kikaba kigenda kirushiriza ku bijanye n’ugukoresha neza ibikoresho, ugukoresha neza inguvu, n’igiciro cose c’ibikorwa.
Uwo wese ashobora gukoresha neza toni yose y’ubushuhe azoba afise umwanya mwiza wo kuronka inyungu mu guhiganwa mw’isoko ryo muri kazoza.
Igihe ca B50 ca Indoneziya kiriko kiraza, kandi urugendo rushasha rwo guhindura ubuhinga n’uguhingura ibikoresho mu bijanye n’agaciro k’amavuta y’imisukoni rushobora kuba rwatanguye gusa.
Amakuru yo guhamagara:
Yami
Imeyili: jiangmingze@sz-ukada.com
Hamagara/Urupapuro rwa interineti: +86 15380230663
